Essay on The History of Photography - 1698 Words

The History of Photography The name Photography comes from the Greek words for light and writing. Sir John Herschel, was the first to use the term photography in 1839, when he managed to fix images using hyposulphite of soda. He described photography as The application of the chemical rays to the purpose of pictorial representation. Herschel also coined the terms negative, positive and snapshot. But a man called de la Roche (1729 - 1774), wrote Giphantie and in this imaginary tale, it was possible to capture images from nature, on a canvas which had been coated with a sticky substance and this would produce a mirror image on the sticky canvas, that fixed after it had been dried in the dark. There are two distinct†¦show more content†¦The earliest record of the uses of a camera obscura can be found in the writings and drawings of Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519). At about the same period Daniel Barbaro, a Venetian, recommended the camera as an aid to drawing. He wrote: Close all shutters and doors until no light enters the camera except through the lens, and opposite hold a piece of paper, which you move forward and backward until the scene appears in the sharpest detail. There on the paper you will see the whole view as it really is, with its distances, its colours and shadows and motion, the clouds, the water twinkling, the birds flying. By holding the paper steady you can trace the whole perspective with a pen, shade it and delicately colour it from nature. In the mid sixteenth century Giovanni Battista della Porta (1538-1615) made a huge camera in which he seated his guests, having arranged a group of actors to perform outside so that the visitors could watch the images on the wall. But the sight of upside down performing images was too much for the visitors and they panicked and fled, and Battista was brought to court on a charge of sorcery! It is likely that many artists will have used a camera obscura to aid them in drawing, but because of the stories of the occult, or because they felt it was cheating in some way not many people would admit to using one. In 1764, the lens was being developed. The name lens comes fromShow MoreRelatedThe History Of Photography798 Words   |  4 Pageswe remain a society that is captivated by oddities and death. This is especially true in the area of creepy vintage photography. Genuine shots showcasing historic, surreal portrayals engross us because so few pictures were taken years ago, compared to today, when, according the the non-profit Rawhide, 1,000 selfies are posted to Instagram every second. Disturbing digital photography may or may not be altered. However, when we view a disconcerting vintage depiction, knowing it is authentic, a pressingRead MoreThe History Of Photography1532 Words   |  7 PagesMexican arts and photographers: Guillermo Soto Curiel, Ruben Ortiz Torres, Consuelo y Marisa and Graciela Iturbide. The exhibition was one of a collection of Mexican photographers of the twentieth century and the permeant exhibition of the history of photography. As well as the current exhibition of Mundos Alternos an Art and science fiction in the Americas. There are four photographs by Guillermo Soto Curiel, Manuel Carrilo, Graciela Iturbide, and Ruben Ortiz Torres. The first photograph is RitmoRead MoreHistory of Photography Essay822 Words   |  4 PagesThe History of, and Impact of, Photography on our World Photography is a process frequently used in areas of media, art, and science as well as practical everyday use. It is used to inform society of different issues, used to document a wide range of things and is used to capture everyday memories for the years to come. It is used everywhere in todays society and through technology has advanced tremendously since its beginnings. The earliest cameras were simple devices that did not captureRead MoreEssay on History of Photography648 Words   |  3 PagesHe called it a Heliograph (sun drawing). It took eight hours to expose. Photography, however, did not really begin until 1839 when the world heard about something startling. Louis Daguerre had invented a way to permanently reproduce a fleeting image on a metal plate. It took 30 minutes to expose, not eight hours. The advent of this technology resulted in a new language that everyone understood. The language was photography, through which we could recall a moment frozen in time and could share itRead MoreEssay about History of Photography1254 Words   |  6 PagesSince its inception, photography has been used to capture moments in time all around the world. This wonderful technology has existed since ancient times, and has only improved in recent history, changing society in the process. While we think of photography as a fairly modern invention, that is simply not true. In fact, there are documents on the underlying principle behind photography dating back to as early as the Fifth Century, B.C. The first recorded instance of a photographic image was foundRead MoreHistory of Photography: Annotated Bibliography1047 Words   |  4 PagesAnnotated Bibliography on the History of Photography Baker, George. Photographys Expanded Field. October, Vol. 114, 120 140, 2005 This piece describes the current manifestations of photography are. This piece calls photographys expanded space, the screen. Photographys expanded space is the screen for a few reasons. One of which is that a great deal of the media of choice consumed in vast quantities around the world come photography. Cinema is a direct descendant photography, as it is a series ofRead MoreThe History of Photography: The Inmortal Story Essay714 Words   |  3 PagesThere is only one way to make people immortal. Photography is the process in which one writes with light. Photographs are permanent images of people or things. Photography wasnt always as easy as a click of a button and there you go. It took an immense amount of work to get to the modern day camera. Photography started from experiments made by people to create new ways to communicate through creating permanency in photographs, making prints of photographs and advancing to the modern day camera.Read MorePhotography: The History and Eve ryday Use Essay1893 Words   |  8 Pagestouring to Egypt, China, or Peru; if you cannot find it at your own door, you will never find it.† - Ralph Waldo Emerson . Although many might think that it is a waste of time and money, photography is a great hobby that people should try. However, even if someone has different opinions, they must consider that photography is steadily on its way to becoming a worldwide everyday use, and is already part of the American culture. Who has contributed to the making of the modern camera in earlier times? InRead MorePhotography And The Carnegie Museum Of Natural History1218 Words   |  5 Pagesfind out how photography and sociology can relate more to each other and what types of articles there are on the library website that I can read to get more of and understanding for how sociology and photography go hand in hand with each other. Therefore, obviously, the main topic is Sociology in Photography and how to build solidarity with subjects and the audience. I also found this to be an interesting topic because just last night I went to the Carnegie Museum of Natural History where I got toRead MoreThe History Of Photography : The Great Mayan City Of Tikal988 Words   |  4 PagesTHE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY The world has been made unforgettable with the creation of photography. As mankind rapidly evolved recording events became harder. Early history is only able to be pictured with using our imagination. Often times historians often clash about what the world looked like. Ancient civilizations from the Mayans and Aztecs have never been seen while they were in their pristine condition. The world is left with written descriptions and ruins not only of the cities themselves

Essay on Leadership - 1444 Words

Twelve O’Clock High Introduction to the paper’s subject, and primary objectives: General information regarding the topic of this paper: amp;#61623; The purpose of this paper is to identify and contrast the different styles of leadership exhibited by two characters found in the 1949 movie Twelve O’Clock High starring Gregory Peck as General Savage, Army Air Forces general. Based on a true story, Twelve O’Clock High is a inspirational account of the highly dangerous precision daylight bombing missions carried out by US Army Air Force’s 918th Bomber Group in England during the last part of World War II. In the beginning of the movie the squadron is commanded by general Davenport. It is very clear that General Davenport’s†¦show more content†¦General Savage’s effort to maintain consistency in the way that he treats his Men eventually takes its toll. By the end of the film he’s driven himself into utter physical and mental exhaustion. Background of daylight precision bombing: amp;#61623; Daylight precision bombing was used during one of the most critical points of the war. The allies had been successful at eradicating Germany from most of France and the other countries that had formerly been occupied as a result of hostile invasion by the Axis power. Germany’s new primary objective was then shifted from an aggressive strategy to successfully defending their homeland in order to recuperate. This would allow them to extend the length of the war thus improving their chances of eventual triumph. The Allies had the opportunity to end the war quickly by successfully striking down Germany while they were in weakened state. The US knew that Germany’s weakened condition was temporary and would only last for a short time. Therefore the only way that they would be able to capitalize on this window of opportunity to cripple Germany was by swift and effective action. The Allies strategy to invade Germany involved two-parts. The first was the weakening of Germany’s internal defenses by bombing certain targets that were felt to be the most crucial to Germany’s ability to ward of an invasion. After this theShow MoreRelatedThe Leadership Of Leadership And Leadership842 Words   |  4 Pagesideals of leadership, I met with two respected and admired school leaders: the Assistant Principal/Dean of Curriculum, and the Athletic Director. I chose these two school leaders because I wanted to gain an understanding of leadership from two diverse perspectives. I am thankful for the opportunity to hear from two different types of leaders, who ultimately share a lot of the same visions for my school and for leadership in general. While both subjects shared a similar definition of leadership, theirRead MoreLeadership And Leadership Of Leadership1711 Words   |  7 Pages7. Facilitative Leadership Facilitative leadership is dependent on quantities and outcomes – not a skill, though it takes much skill to master. The efficiency of a group is directly related to the effectiveness of its process. If the group is high operational, the facilitative leader uses a light hand on the procedure. 8. Laissez-faire Leadership Laissez-faire leadership gives expert to workers. According to AZ central, sections or subordinates are acceptable to work as they choose with nominal.Read MoreLeadership : Leadership And Leadership1605 Words   |  7 PagesLeadership Examined There have been many great leaders down through history. Leaders that have influenced change throughout many aspects of society. Great leaders have great influence. The effectiveness of a leader is determined by his leadership style. With so many styles to choose from, and the fact that not one style fits all situations, becoming an effective leader is a challenging task. One reflective note is that it is important to cultivate good leadership skills. One must evaluate personalRead MoreLeadership : Leadership And Leadership1225 Words   |  5 Pages with their team. Leadership is â€Å"the behavior of an individual . . . directing the activities of a group toward a shared goal† (Hemphill Coons, (1957). p. 7). †¢ Leadership is â€Å"the influential increment over and above mechanical compliance with the routine directives of the organization† (Katz Kahn, (1978). p. 528). †¢ Leadership is â€Å"the process of influencing the activities of an organized group toward goal achievement† (Rauch Behling, (1984). p. 46). †¢ â€Å"Leadership is about articulatingRead MoreLeadership : Leadership And Leadership1476 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Effectiveness There are many different approaches to leadership, which can be dependent upon the task at hand. Some leaders are authoritative, making all the decisions for group members and allowing no space for error or input. There are those who may opt to take the President Obama approach with a more democratic leadership role, inviting the ideas of others and encouraging open communication and staff participation. Then there are the servant leaders whom are largely respected and followedRead MoreLeadership And Leadership Theory Of Leadership1341 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership Application Jesus Cabral Brandman University The author of this paper has been in various leadership positions for over 20 years. Some positions held by the author have been team leader, Operations Manager, General Manager, and Director of Operations. The author has lead teams with various degrees of education and from many cultures. The leadership theories studied during OLCU 400 will assist this leader though experienced to become much more effective and focus on thoseRead MoreLeadership, Leadership And Leadership Development915 Words   |  4 Pagestake a leadership role in any activity. They are more valued by followers and have higher performing teams. (Cherry 2014) However, leaders are the ones that use their leadership skills to make a difference in this world, such as presidents, teachers, or even college graduates. Leadership is not something you can learn from a book, but you have to gain this skill through experiences such as holding an office, organizing an event, speaking in front of people, or participating in a leadership programRead MoreLeadership Theories Of Leadership And Leadership Essay771 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership is important because it helps followers reach a common goal. There have been several studies based on effective leadership. The definition of leadership has evolved over the years adapting to the different views of the world. Leaders have influence on their followers they are looked up to. Being a leader means there will be interaction with different behaviors and personalities. Effective leaders sometimes have to adjust their style approach by the situation they are in. Every followersRead MoreTransformational Leadership : Leadership And Leadership887 Words   |  4 PagesThe idea of leadership has transformed throughout the years to encompass varying aspects of leadership approaches, leadership types and the like. According to Summerfield (2014), C. F. Rauch and O. Behling, quote leadership as: Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of an organized group toward goal achievement. Given its broad definition, leadership is understood to have different meanings when applied to diverse situations. For example, there are different types of approaches toRead MoreOrganizational Leadership : Leadership And Leadership1568 Words   |  7 PagesConceptualizing Leadership Leadership is different in the eyes of each and every individual. What one person considers great leadership may be viewed by another as too demanding. Ultimately, time, place, situation, and people involved are considered some of the view variables for which type of leadership will be most effective. Through taking the Gallup Strengths Finder survey, I have been able to cement some of my top strengths and see how they come into play in my daily life. Learning about strengths

Hull No Place for Hate free essay sample

â€Å"In my mind I can still hear that piercing voice plead, ‘Why won’t they play with me, why won’t they play with me?’!† My drowsy eyes, drooping down at the plate of pancakes and sausages before me, immediately rose; the sudden outburst catching every ounce of my attention. â€Å"To this day I can remember that poor black girl sitting all by herself in the sandbox; no other child would dare to go near her,† the woman continued with that same thunderous tone, though at times succumbing to sudden droplets of sorrow. It was at the Martin Luther King Jr. breakfast benefit in January of last year that I heard Marjorie Peters, a local activist, speak those vehement words which have stuck like a barnacle in my memory ever since. From the initial jolt I displayed towards her speech, one may think that such an intense passion against hatred and ignorance is something very unusual in my hometown of Hull, Massachusetts. We will write a custom essay sample on Hull: No Place for Hate or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the contrary, this zeal is as commonplace as the ocean view which Hullonians can see from any point on the peninsula we proudly call home. As a young child, I can remember looking at the famous aerial photo of the hundreds of townspeople who lined up to spell â€Å"No Place for Hate† on Nantasket Beach. Their bodies formed a structure that no sandcastle could ever surpass. They formed a message that no wicked wave could ever wash away. I cherish the dedication of our residents who earnestly dissuaded a group of people from handing out hateful literature comparing then presidential candidate Barack Obama to Adolf Hitler. These two examples have become part of my indigenous ideology. While Hull has contributed vastly to my development as an individual, I know that I do not yet have a complete worldview. I also believe that same small-town background has given me a solid foundation to take advantage of future opportunities. For me, there is still an ebullient sea of sights to explore. My devotion to tolerance encourages me to keep my eyes wide open to anyone and everyone in those vast open waters. All I can do now is follow this insatiable appetite for diversity, whether it is through my fellow college students, semesters abroad, or future profession. My subject-mastery awards in three different languages exemplify my dedication to this path. I have been taught all eighteen years of my life to approach the playground of life with excitement for the unknown or unfamiliar. I am a true product of my environment and I am not afraid to step into the â€Å"sandbox† of my new college community to see what lies ahead.

The Mayans Essays - Maya Classic Period, Mesoamerica,

The Mayans Maya were an American Indian People who developed a magnificent civilization in Central America and south Mexico. The Maya civilization reached its period of development about A.D.250 and continued to flourish for over 600 years. The Maya produced remarkable architecture, painting, pottery, and sculpture. They made great advancements in astronomy and mathematics and developed and accurate yearly calender. They were one of the first peoples in the Western Hemisphere to develop and advanced form of writing. The Maya lived in an area of about 120,000 square miles (311,000 square kilometers). Today, the territory of the Maya is divided among Mexico and several Central American countries. It consists of the Mexican states of Campeche, Yucatan, and Quintana Roo and part of the states of Tabasco and Chiapas. It also includes Belize, most of Quatemala, and parts of El Salvador and of Honduras. The heart of the Maya civilization was in the tropical rain forest of the lowlands of northern Quatemala. Many of the major Maya Cities, such as Piedras Negras, Tikal, and uaxactun, developed in this area. People, Geography and Language The Maya homeland, called Mesoamerica, span fine countries: Mexico, Quatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador. There are now indications that the people we call the Maya had migrated from North America to the highlands of Guatemala perhaps as long ago as 2600 B.C., living an agriculuture village-based life. The cultural of these Preclassic Maya owes much to the earlier civilization of the Olmec, which flourished ca 1200 B.C. By the time Maya civilization had reached its peak the classic period (A.D. 200-900) the Maya were spread across an almost continuous territory of roughly 311,000 square kilometers (120,000 square miles). Comprising three general areas: The tropical rain forest of the lowlands, stretching from northern Honduras, through the Peten region of Guatemala and into Belize and chiapas, which became the heart of classic Maya civilization included cities such as Copan, Yaxchilan, Tikal, and Palenque. The Guatemala highlands and the Pacific Coast, where Aztecs influenced In the early classic period caused some differences in cultural development from the Central or lowlands, Maya. The northern Yucatan peninsula, where sites include Habna, Chichen Itza and Uxmal, is characterized by scrub vegetation, thin soil, and little surface water a Mythology

Midnight, XIX century Review Essay Example

Midnight, XIX century Review Paper Essay on Midnight, XIX century Without missing a book bazaars that found me on the road, from time to time it manages to catch something more than curious, for a ridiculous price. This time, the result of the catch was the book Midnight, XIX century an anthology of Russian classic horror story, bought for 20 rubles. The title of the anthology will not give up in the humor, and the content in respect. So, who we wrote about maniacs, psychopaths, devilry and parallel worlds The contents represented by the following authors: Bruce, Gumilyov, Chekhov, Andreev, Sologub, Green, Garshin and Artsybashev. Quite a galaxy So far, only read the first story Now, when I woke up authored by Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov. Entertaining somnambulistic nightmare, in the spirit of Edgar Allan Poe. The protagonist the world prefers to sleep waking, where he the lord and can create any plot. However, according to him, A man in his primitive state may crave only one thing to torture yourself like our culture has imposed a curb on this natural impulse of slavery Ages brought the human soul to the belief that other peoples suffering painful to her And now people are quite sincere cry about others and feel pity them. But this is only a mirage and illusion. Thats our main character creates all sorts of abominations, preferring nightmares dreams rainbow. Through long training and techniques completely subjugates the world of sleep, makes it currently den-torture chamber, improvised ugly dwarf, a large arsenal of monstrous weapons, and a host of victims. We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer interesting to get batch of just what amused intillegentsiya at the turn of the century: aesthetization perverse fondling romanticizing of sado-masochism, esoteric technique, the theory of the ether and astral body, narcotic indulgence. The final scene is striking in its brutality. You understand that the age of today where there is a Stephen King movie studio and Troma little surprise, but do so in the time of writing the blood more gallant, and silver? Wrote, and why not. Who, I still will remember fairy tales of the Brothers Grimm oozing blood and ichor Fans of the horror genre -. I advise. Story short and this is its advantage: ornateness authors words and muslin gromode of words no time to get bored, and served at exactly the same proportion, to enjoy Read the story of Valery Bryusov: . Midnight, XIX century Review Essay Example Midnight, XIX century Review Paper Essay on Midnight, XIX century And not only one, she gets up, but stand up and all the dead, who are so terribly felt in his solemn, cold silence. Leonid Andreyev, Silence Continuing to study the book, she could have been so wonderfully brighten boring literature lessons at school, I read a few stories of mystical. This time:. Leonid Andreev Silence, Alexander Green Murder in the Kunst-Fishe, Fedor Sologub Death at the invitation of Do not even know where to start, because . kakzhdy story requires mention. Here for example, of the Greens Murder in the Kunst-Fishe requires mention that to mention it is not really something and worth. The story, of course, good but so that no mind or heart. Place it somewhere between skanvordov heading and anecdotes. In that sense, its a fantastic amusing sketch of jealousy and revenge, nearly Othello, only instead of battering and dagger a samurai sword and a mysterious statuette We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Death to declare Fyodor Sologub -. Certainly amusing. It is known that aging bon vivant, who decided that everything in life is tried, begin to suffer all sorts of crap. Who in the club will be written suicide who entertain social experiments. Our own hero, swiping the newspaper, decided to ask for a decent fee to play in front of them show death. Those. woman reshivshayasya to take on this role must be clearly represented in the image of Death. So whether self-fulfilling, whether the actress was wonderful, or is it with the fat gone mad. The story seems to me especially enjoy the girls Gotko, because everything in it and betrays farcical atmosphere dekadantov in which young people play the beginning of the 20th century. And, in fact, we reached the gems of the trio, story Leonid Andreev Silence. Despite the fact that two other stories from the book, authored by Andreev ( Alarm and The Abyss), I was not very inspired, Silence simply stunned so frankly, so precisely, so badly loomed the drama of the story. We have a daughter o.Ignatiya languishing by unspoken angst. And with this longing, which is so not a word, and not dropped, it falls under the wheels of the train. After her daughters death his wife o.Ignatiya breaks paralysis and o.Ignaty remains immersed in this depressing, soul, silence. From the day of the funeral in a small house there was silence It was not silence, because silence -. Only the absence of sound, but it was silent, when those who are silent, it seemed, could talk, but do not want to. I would like the main character to get an answer, but not one of his. Ask my wife only a glimpse into the abyss it is already almost dead eyes, the daughter the grave did not respond, though, and O. Ignatius removed his wide-brimmed black hat, straightened his wavy hair and whispered: Vera he was embarrassed that he could hear someone outside, and stood at the tomb of Ignatius looked over the crosses was empty, and he was loudly echoed: Faith..! It was an old voice of Ignatius, dry and demanding, and it was strange that with such force expressed demand remains unanswered -.. Vera ! loud and persistently called r Olos, and when he was silent, for a moment fancied that somewhere at the bottom sounded vague answer. And on. Ignatius, once again glancing around, removed the hair from the ear and lay it to the hard, prickly turf. Faith, say and with horror felt about Ignatius, in his ear pouring something Mogilno-cold and studios brain and that Vera says -. but it says it all in the same long silence . Cold, supernatural horror seemed flows when reading these lines. Like o.Ignatiyu reader is languishing in a net of insanity, and maybe even a couple of lines, a couple of keys and the letters Andreev managed to open the gates of madness an exciting and bring to the readers mind. But regretted not unlocked the gates Alexander Green -. Murder in the Kunst-Fishe Fedor Sologub Death of an ad Leonid Andreyev Silence Midnight, XIX century Review Essay Example Midnight, XIX century Review Paper Essay on Midnight, XIX century Continuing to continue reading the collection of scary stories the authors of domestic manufacture and classical excerpts, faced with a serious problem. My wife went with the child for a month on vacation. What kind of a problem for a person to read? On the contrary there are no worries about the house was lying on the couch, but read. However, in addition to the function to cause love and obazhanie, his wife is a function purely utilitarian to know where that is in the house! A book of stories sunk, whether in summer, whether for a bedside table, or been devoured by demons-socks-with-second-bottom-drawer-cabinet (I I look with suspicion on the washing machine if she is actually endowed with reason and bibliographic predatory habits?). Therefore, of the three stories of Leonid Andreyev presented in the book, I read only two: Alarm and The Abyss. I, honestly, I find the book and read the third I have a suspicion to the dresser, too happy sound of his patent leather handles Alarm -. The story about a terrible summer, when the neighborhood was played simple Russian folk pyromaniac, igniting village outside the village. In the hot and ominous summer burned all burned whole towns, villages and hamlets, woods and fields no longer have their protection:. Obediently flashed himself defenseless forest, and red cloth stretched fire on parched meadows afternoon of caustic smoke hid crimson,. dim the sun, and at night at different ends of the sky flashed a silent glow hovered in silent fantastic dance, and the strange, vague shadows of the trees and people were crawling on the ground, as the unknown bastards. Horror shown in the story its sticky, hot, oppressive terror that often haunts a man in a dream longing, the pursuit of the unknown to you, phantasmagoric atmosphere. But, the main hero of the story, going through all of this in reality. As he noticed Andreev, this story autobiographical, describes real terror experienced by the author. Trotsky, in his review of a collection of stories Andreeva, mentioned the similarity of Nabat with The Bells by Edgar Allan Poe, to me, for some reason, the general mood the story reminded Chickamauga Ambrose Bierce We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer . the abyss - the story quite well-known, stirred up after the publication of numerous discussions, something reminds me of those that caused the film the Night porter . Two lovers in the forest run up friendly company buhih vagrants craving young so beautiful body. Chevalier stun, and the girl being raped. Shocking ending of the story is credited with numerous critics are terrible necrophiliac that Andreev has thrown in the face of the reader, having stated the truth about the secret disgusting human soul even in suffering, thinking about enjoying his own. Well, perhaps this is so. And indeed the abyss from the title and the story Nietzschean, but to me personally, man prochitavschemu story on the surface the behavior of the main character seemed not at all disgusting, and quite naturally a person is in a state of shock, endeavor consider everything that happened a terrible dream, thinking that none of this it was not, and hoping to correct irreparable shaking, pressed to her lovers body, showering him with kisses and protestations of love. But maybe Im wrong and numerous generations of hereditary York Shire Terrier critics mistakes can not The overall theme of the story the clash with the human abyss. With horror, the real, but it is so great, that his mass man crushes, degrades, exposes all of its nullity and insignificance. Both stories the ideal tool for introducing themselves into a state of gloom and depression of all the senses P.S.. Links that I give you below I recommend especially since to the story of The Abyss is a lengthy commentary. Read the stories of Leonid Andreyev Nabat Midnight, XIX century Review Essay Example Midnight, XIX century Review Paper Essay on Midnight, XIX century Continuing the reading collection and mysterious nightmare (not in quality, and the plot) works familiarized with two stories. The first, authored, Gumilev Black Dick (hmm, the brain itself slipped dirty translation from England movu :)), and fear Chekhov Black Dick. quite a harmless treshak, in the best tradition film studio Troma or newborn Scandinavian horror film. The plot is simple as a penny. The company a funny urban rabble feasted at the tavern. Father comes to local and all brands. Their leader the citys main bully decides to make fun of rebuke and created the charitable cause, namely to kidnap and rape a girl that lives with the mother of a hermit in the neighboring island. The whole gang decides its a wonder what a cool joke. Oh, they could, before people knew how to have fun! That young king Peter to carols loyal vassal in the ass hammered the candle and ignite, behold, Black Dick announce neighbor a witch and decides to abuse. Broad is the human soul! In defense of what times were better before, here and the fact that the science of criminology flourished even among the simple population: We saw the stained mouth and sharp white teeth, that we do not dare to admit teeth Black Dick. And you say that the fingerprintin g and opoznovanie in the teeth (dentoskopiya?) the dignity of our enlightenment century We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Midnight, XIX century Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer But the story of Anton Chekhov -. Fears much, much more interesting. If Nikolai Stepanovich, so to speak, explores the mythological, occult evil in the fact that neither has a carnal performance, the subject matter of Chekhov the fear as an emotion, like wearing harkter transcendental and quite explainable, man. No mystery, but to a mystical interpretation of their fears of the protagonist in the story no. This story could even be regarded as a mockery of the horror genre, though he, on the very fact, did not show his true inside out. Chekhov said that we are not afraid of the walking dead, but simply darkness, in which are hidden all chimeras, which is able to invent man. All the time I was living in this world, I was scared just three times. The first real fear, which made my hair and body ran goose, had their cause insignificant, but a strange thing. And, of course, beautiful language classics: The evening was quiet, warm and almost stifling, like all those monotonous evening s in July, which, once started, correct unbroken succession one after another week or two, sometimes more, and suddenly cut off by a violent thunderstorm with a luxurious, long refreshing shower Read stories:. Nikolai Gumilyov, Black Dick Anton Chekhov, fear

Definition and Examples of Lowercase Letters in English

Definition and Examples of Lowercase Letters in English In the printed alphabet  and orthography, the term lowercase  (sometimes spelled as two words) refers to small letters (a,b,c . . .) as distinguished from capital letters (A,B,C . . . ). Also known as  minuscule  (from Latin  minusculus, rather small). The writing system of English (as in most Western languages) uses a dual alphabet or  bicameral scriptthat is, a combination of lowercase and uppercase letters. By convention, lowercase is generally used for the letters in all words except for the initial letter in  proper nouns  and in words that begin sentences. (For exceptions, see Names With Unusual Capitalization, below.) Origin and Evolution of Lowercase Letters Originally, lower case letters stood by themselves. Their forms derived from the penned Carolingian minuscule. The upper and lower case letters received their present form in the Renaissance. The serifs of the capitals, or upper case letters, were adapted to those of the lower case alphabet. The capitals are based on an incised or chiseled letter; the lower case characters are based on a pen-written calligraphic form. Now the two kinds of letters appear together. (Jan Tschichold, Treasury of Alphabets and Lettering. Norton, 1995)Upper and lower case? The term comes from the position of the loose metal or wooden letters laid in front of the traditional compositors hands before they were used to form a word- the commonly used ones on an accessible lower level, the capitals above them, waiting their turn. Even with this distinction, the compositor would still have to mind their ps and qs, so alike were they when each letter was dismantled from a block of type and then tossed back into t he compartments of a tray. (Simon Garfield, True to Type: How We Fell in Love With Our Letters. The Observer, October 17, 2010) Names With Unusual Capitalization Several coinages provide a new look to English spelling, especially with names. We have never seen anything before quite like the use of a lower-case initial for a brand-name, as in iPod, iPhone, iSense and eBay, or airline companies such as easyJet and jetBlue, and it is not yet clear how to handle them, especially when we want one of these words to begin a sentence. There are precedents for introducing a capital in the middle of a word (as in such names as McDonalds and chemical substances such as CaSi, calcium silicate), but brand names have hugely increased its everyday visibility, as seen in AltaVista, AskJeeves, PlayStation, YouTube and MasterCard. (David Crystal, Spell It Out. Picador, 2012)Brand names or names of companies that are spelled with a lowercase initial letter followed by a capital letter (eBay, iPod iPhone, etc.) need not be capitalized at the beginning of a sentence or heading, though some editors may prefer to reword. This departure from Chicagos former usage re cognizes not only the preferred usage of the owners of most such names but also the fact that such spellings are already capitalized (if on the second letter). Company or product names with additional, internal capitals (sometimes called midcaps) should likewise be left unchanged. (​The Chicago Manual of Style, 16th ed.The University of Chicago Press, 2010)  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Xerox or xerox? The dropping of the capital letter of the trademark is one piece of certain evidence that the trademark has indeed become generic...The OED [Oxford English Dictionary] lists XEROX both as capitalized, and in lower case, as well as a trademark and generic term: a proprietary name for photocopiers . . . also used loosely to denote any photocopy (20: 676). This definition points out clearly that xerox, either capitalized or in lower case, is used throughout the population as both a proper adjective and as a noun. (Shawn M. Clankie, Brand Name Use in Creative Writing: Genericide or Language Right? in Perspectives on Plagiarism and Intellectual Property in a Postmodern World, ed. Lise Buranen and Alice M. Roy. SUNY Press, 1999)A good rule to follow is that most trademarks are adjectives, not nouns or verbs. Use trademarks as modifiers as in Kleenex tissues or Xerox copiers. Similarly, trademarks are not verbsyou can copy on a Xerox machine, but you cannot xerox anything.(Jill B. Treadwell , Public Relations Writing. Sage, 2005) Pronunciation: lo-er-KAS Alternate Spellings: lower case, lower-case

Night Shift Nurse Stress Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Night Shift Nurse Stress - Research Paper Example The paper discusses the research findings indicating that night shift work exacerbates stress because it is positively correlated with adverse health effects, including sleep, physiological, and psychological disorders. In addition, considerations and recommendations to the nurse to alleviate the associated stress, as well as promote adaptability and tolerance for the night shift routine, both at work and home, are discussed. Continuity of patient care requires that health care providers be available to work night shift. According to Blachowicz and Letizia (2006), â€Å"Nursing is among the many professions affected by the requirement to work outside of normal daytime hours. While benefits exist, nurses face significant challenges when they work alternate shifts† (p. 274). Over the years, concern and interest have resulted in studies conducted to determine the health risks and effects of night shift work on the nurse. As humans are naturally designed to be awake during the day and sleep at night, working nights disrupts the circadian rhythm, or internal clock. Night shift work exacerbates stress because it is positively correlated with adverse health effects, including sleep, physiological, and psychological disorders.   This paper highlights some of the most common occupational health risks and disorders associated with working nights. In addition, considerations and recommendations to help all eviate the associated stress will be discussed. Working night shifts is a necessary part of a nurse’s job description. However, working night shifts for long periods can have a detrimental effect on sleep, resulting in fatigue and other adverse consequences. Happell et al. (2013, p. 642) report that working night shifts resulted in physical stress and exhaustion for nurses because they could not get an adequate amount of sleep. This shows that night shifts can disturb the physiological working of

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example CSR is also known as Corporate Conscience or corporate citizenship. It basically refers to the responsibilities that companies have to the locals within the communities they operate. Companies incur short term costs by engaging in CSR activities with no guarantee of immediate financial benefits. Nevertheless, CSR promotes positive environmental and social changes in the society, which lays a good foundation for further business activities for the businesses. Another significant component of CSR policies is the self-regulation mechanism. CSR grants companies the freedom to regulate themselves in terms of monitoring their business activities to ensure they comply with the legal framework in place as well as adhering to accepted ethical standards and international norms for doing business. However, some CSR models allow firms to go beyond the regulatory frameworks by engaging in actions that promote social good in the community (Glac, 2014, p. 66). Essentially, the main objectives of CSR are embracing responsibility for corporate actions and encouraging organizations to create a positive impact on the environment and various stakeholders in the business activities such as consumers, investors, local communities, and employees. CSR is the commitment that companies have in creating policies that integrate their responsible business operations with responsible practices, as well as timely reporting on the progress made towards implementing the outlined CSR policies. Initially, CSR strategies only focused on philanthropy as the main means of relating with the community (Hiller, 2013, p. 299)). However, the expansion of the concept of CSRS over the years has led to broadening of the scope of corporate responsibility to include commitments to improving the quality of lives of the community as well as other key stakeholders in the company, and contributing towards a

The Rocking Horse Winner Essay Example for Free

The Rocking Horse Winner Essay In D. H. Lawrence’s offsetting story The Rocking Horse Winner, there are a number of intriguing characters presented to us. None, however, are quite as thought provoking or as clearly defined as Paul’s morally culpable, denatured mother, Hester. In a story full of viscous, confusing characters, Hester is directly and indirectly characterized as being a loveless, spiteful, greedy woman, who abides to the philosophy that luck coincides with prosperity. The first indicator of Hester’s personality is found by examining her relationship with her offspring, for although she has mothered and raised multiple children it is also shown that the relationship between mother and child is anything but maternal. Her neighbours and friends praise her, for they think that â€Å"she is such a good mother. She adores her children,† (Lawrence, 307) but that she herself and her children knew that was far from the truth, because â€Å"they read it in each other’s eyes,† (307). Hester’s character can further be analyzed as you observe her relationship concerning her dependence on luck, for â€Å"it’s what causes you to have money,† (308). She is living in the constant dissatisfaction of having insufficient funds to continue on her frivolous lifestyle, despite her inability to maturely address their current financial situation. Instead, she quickly draws parallels between their financial crisis and her husband simply being â€Å"very unlucky,† (308) rather than continuing to work towards a more stable situation. On top of treating the family’s financial dilemma maturely, the greed in her that seems to be one of the key causes to their strife is outlined indirectly through the course of events that take place after she learns about the five-thousand pound grant that she will have trickled down to her over the next five years. After learning of this, she immediately goes into town to talk to their lawyer, â€Å"asking if the whole five thousand could be advanced at once,† (315). Despite the kind gift from her child, she is driven to the point of desperation by her addiction to money, and this swell fortune only added more fuel to the fire, as the house’s whispers of â€Å"There must be more money! † (315) continued to grow. All in all, Hester’s two main relationships, that with her family and that with luck and money accurately characterize her as a loveless, greedy woman.

Culture Difference Between China And Japan Cultural Studies Essay

Culture Difference Between China And Japan Cultural Studies Essay In western peoples point of view, the Asians look at Asian would be like insiders, because the geography is closed, they are Asia. Moreover, western think Asians appearances almost are the same. There are forty-eight countries in Asia, different policies, different religions, and different language. I agree with the researcher who advocacy of a multi-level and multi-perspectives to analyse cross culture. (Tung, 2007) When Asians look in their own country, although there still have some difference among different region, but in generally they have a lot of common points. When Asians look in Asia, but not look in their own countries. Mostly Asians will feel unfamiliar as western people to look at Asia. In this essay, I plan to take China and Japan as an example to analyse. I think these two countries are nearby to each other, and even the character of Chinese and Japanese has several same parts. Economic globalization made all of the countries could not exist to grow up respectively. Due to the globalisation process, China and Japan had being enhanced the cooperation activities in the past 30 years. There are more and more multi-national company comes out. Certainly, cross cultural management became a significant issue now. Some researchers believed in that during the globalisation process could make the difference culture integrate in the future. (Tung, 2008) In another words, each countries culture would diminish, and absorbed the other popular culture. After many decades, the whole world only has the popular culture exist. However, Hofstede believed that national culture will still be stable. (Tung, 2008) Many regions culture has being grown thousands of years, they should be stable. I partly agree with the previous points, I think the degree of traditional culture impact has been changed indeed. In another word, some parts of national culture will diminish, by contrast, some parts still be stable existed. In addition, some new culture has being absorbed as time goes on. In addition, I agree with the researcher who advocacy of a multi-level and multi-perspectives to analyse cross culture. (Tung, 2007) In this section, I would like to introduce definitions, which are relevant to the cross cultural management. Terence (1995) concluded that culture has been defined as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category (it can be a nation, region, a social class, and so on) of people from another. In another words, culture could be anything, which can influence humans behaviours and conceptions. In addition, the management has been defined as getting common goals done through other people. (Hofstede, 2007) Then, I am going to combine these two definitions. Cross culture management could be defined as to get common goals done through other people, which constrained by different categories (it can be a nation, region, a social class, and so on). And now, I explain why I use the definition of culture to instead of cross culture. In my point of view, even in the same region, the culture is difference. As I said before, culture could be anything relevant to peoples thinking. Therefore, different people would have their own background. When a manager plan to manage different individual, no matter whether they are the same nationalities. It can be called cross culture management as well. However, the previous theories looks like an extremely point. In this part I would like to analyse some point about Japanese and Chinese. As a Chinese, I think when a Chinese want to ask for a leave to their leader. They always use family problems as an excuse, because this way could increase the percentage of permission. If leader refuse the family issue, which looks like less bowel. When the colleges ask you to borrow some money, if you choose yourself problem as an excuse, it seems a little bit direct. Therefore, Chinese prefer to choose the indirect way. By contrast, Zhang ¼Ã‹â€ 2009) illustrated that there is few percentage Japanese would like to use family issue as an excuse to reject some business request. By contrast, in China people usually to use family as an excuse. I think the source of the difference is that privacy issue in Japanese conceptions are more serious than Chinese. In Japanese opinion, they would like to separate works and family problems. Due to the special relationship among Chinese, in a same company, the Chinese co lleges might recognise other colleges family members. Moreover, among mostly family member, probably they know each other as well, especially in small places. In addition, in Chinese culture, when you accept a gift, youd better to open it with your friend, and show your surprise. Generally speaking, you should make your friend know you are like this gift. In my own experience, I always open a gift with my friend, because I think this could your friend and you know each other again. Tong (n.d.) pointed out that certainly, if I didnt like this gift at all, I will use a indirectly way to express my feeling, such as, the package is beautiful. However, in a research reported that when a Japanese give you a gift, youd better do not to open it till Japanese leave. In this case, Japanese shows indirect way, and Chinese present directly. Yao, (2008) figure out that throughout the Japanese history, which had recorded by written, the caste always existed. Although recent years Japan was westernization, but they are still influenced by a deeply hierarchical society. Even if in China, such an ancient civilization country with 5000 history, but this deeply hierarchical condition only met in feudal society and slave society present by Yao in 2008. I think the deeply hierarchy in Japaneses society is one of the reasons of Japanese is a cockerel, even in the peace period. According to the history record, China had a lot of war experience. In the Qing dynasty, the last dynasty in Chinas modern period, I think those emperors thought China was a great country, theyd like to self-sufficiency. Therefore, in that long period, China seems stop to develop, and didnt expand the emperors power too much. Meanwhile, Yao (2008) also make another point that in recent decades, Japanese never stop to develop. I speculate the reason should b e Japanese always feel unsafely. Therefore, in Americans research I found that Japan is a pugnacities nation. In my own experience, when I communicated with Japanese, I can feel their protect concepts is very strong in their mind. Moreover, Japanese as a baby, their parents will give them a strict training, which would keep a distance when parents hug Japanese babies. It is a practice, Japanese babies must hold their parents carefully, and otherwise they will tumble. This practice added a survive idea to children. I think this issue is relevant to the fighting spirit in Japanese nation. However, when a Chinese as a baby, the parents would treat them like a real baby. If they fall over on the floor by themselves, the parents will scold the floor in order to comfort children and stop their crying. Especially, when a boy baby comes to a family, the mothers parents will treat this child as treasure. Although, the boy and girl issue has being reduced in recent years, and in some countrys ide family still have. I think the treat and teach way to child is very important. Moreover, the parents are the first teacher in childrens mind. The parents activities could impact in childrens behaviour and conception in the future. However, if when a baby has a strict survive practise, I think it seems a little bit cruel. I prefer the European countries; the child can grow up naturally. There is not too much pressure to children, but children also have independent ability. I plan to deeply analyse the child issue between Japan and China, because I think this is an important element cause the different culture existed. I have to admire, the average percentage of good manner situation in the public, Japan is higher than China. The ways of educate children might be influence manner deeply. As I said before, most of Chinese parents treat their child as a treasure. Moreover, in recent years, Chinese family adopted one child policy. Therefore, the child is more precious than before. I would like to take my own experience as an example, since I came to UK to study, my mother had being contacted me every two day. Moreover, I have observed Japanese students and Chinese students. Every holiday, the percentage of students back to hometown, the Chinese are much higher than Japanese. I think this situation caused by one child policy. The Chinese parents give more responsibilities than Japanese to their children. And the children should take more responsibilities th an Japanese children as well. By contrast, I have asked my Japanese friends, they said usually in Japans families, they are more than 1 child. Therefore, they grew up with competition. They needed to compete with their brothers or sisters. They are paying attention to keep a good manner anywhere, because they are always in a competition environment. In China between developed city and less developed city or inland city and coastland city, some culture is also has difference. (Tung, 2007) In China, there are a lot of negotiations through dinner to finish. Therefore, drinking culture is a very important skill in many occasions. In many north province citizens, they think drinking can express whether you respect each other. If you only drinking a little, which means you look down upon the other people, you havent bring your sincerity. However, in the south coastland provinces, people can feel you that you have try your best to drink, that is enough. Moreover, when you do a business with coastland cities, you can present more natural way than you communicate with northern people. There are too many restrictions in some north peoples conception. For an instance, Chinese culture on familism, which causes many family do not respect female, especially in north China and some poor place. If a wife bears a girl, she has no position in the family, till a boy bear. However, this situation in developed cities has been changed, both of girl and boy they will treat as equal in family. Contrarily, in some middle class family prefers to have a girl, because they think girl will take care of family better than boy. I have asked my Japanese friends, they said the boy and girl issue is not very serious in the whole country. Certainly, it depends on the level of countries development. I think in the developed countries, the parents would have boy and girl issue concept. Even in nowadays, when people advocate freedom, but Japanese were still restricted by their formal rules. Such as, thanks to an important person, Japanese would give thanks by bowing. And when they meet eldership, they need to kneel down to show their respect. Back to the past 100 years ago, I think Chinese would do the same thing to show their respect. Wu Shu (martial art) is very famous in Japan nowadays, which can prove a fighting spirit. However, I think it can present loyalty spirit among Japanese minds as well. Although, this issue is very important in China, and I think in Chinese young generations this element has been declined. I think this point has the common source, which is the Chinese relationship more complex than Japanese. Moreover, in recent years, China has being kept the high speed growing ratio. In another word, it enhanced the inequity between rich and poor families in China. I think this point also increase the Chinese relation complex level. Therefore, the cases which are betrayed to their friends has being increased as well. It is a society situation. There are age difference causes the culture difference. (Tung, 2007) In China, the young generations would like to absorb western culture. When the Christmas Eve come, young person usually treat this day as a crazy holiday. By contrast, the older generations maybe stay at home as usual. So I think if the manger is a young generation, you can choose the western method to negotiate, because most of young people in China, they can accept western culture, they are also partly westernization in many management theories. Compared to Japan, they had being westernised many years ago. The gap between generations should be closer than China. Lets talk about business issues linked to generations issue. If a western business man chooses traditional Chinese way (indirect communication) to negotiation with young Chinese, maybe will achieve a maximum result with little effort. Moreover, a large percentage young Chinese, and who is a core manager in a company, I think the one has a living abroad experience before, so they know western culture well. Moreover, I think the Japanese organisation culture is interested. In another words, I think Japanese company are very intelligent. I would like to introduce a case study as follows to prove my opinion. Once, Japanese archipelago was hit by the strong typhoon, the disaster come very suddenly. The result of the typhoon happened is a lot of the department store losing the profit. In particular, the disaster influenced a region very seriously which was the main area was engaged in by Yaohan department store. During that time, the situation of vegetable and fruit shortage was very awful. Most of the department store companies which manage the same field made the price of stock in trade increasing dramatically whereas the Yaohan department store keep the original level of price. Compare with other department store, Yaohan did not only keep the level of price, but also try their best to snap up the consumption goods from other regions for satisfying the requirement and demand of customers. Yaohan department store did not make any profit at that moment. Oppositely, it lost number of profit because the bids of those consumptions were much higher than before. The more and more customer began to consume in Yaohan department store when they heard this information. After the typhoon, the produces to the store was return back to the original level, everything seemed to be back to the past. However, some department store are be abandon by the frequently customers whereas Yaohan department store observe those customers. This fact lead the market share of Yaohan department store increased dramatically. Meng Tian(2010) states that most of the Japanese companies focus on the requirement and demand of consumers. Furthermore, the nature disaster to the companies is a good chance to make more profit which contrast with the disaster to the consumers are a good opportunity to test which company are really consumer focused and loyal consumer. In addition, the companies have to work with as long as the consumer needs hardly, no matter decreasing or lose their profit. Therefore, those companies can pass the test to improve their loyalty, and then return for the loyalty of customers. Customer base and market share expansion is a natural thing. In my hometown, there is a famous Japanese retail super market, named Yi Teng Yang Hua Tang. Whether the people come or leave out, the company stuffs need to belt, and say some greeting words. This activities force customers must purchase more than as usual, otherwise, Chinese will feel uncomfortable. In some occasions I think cross-culture management style can be considered universal, such as respect the old and cherish the young. This tradition is popular accepted in such as Korean, Japan and China. If business men want to do business in these countries, theyd better not conflict with this tradition. Perhaps, business men should make use of this kind of traditions to enhance their goodwill. However, I have to admit that most aspects in cross-culture management cannot be treated as universal to consider. They should be separated, and based on the specific condition to analyse. Moreover, there is seldom absolutely standard issue in culture management field.

Spirituality & Story

While growing up in an environment that was more conducive to pain and suffering than to enjoying life it was easier to challenge believers to show me God then to actually see Him around me. I’d say, â€Å"close your Bible and prove to me God exists. †I always received one of three responses. Usually, I would get a bewildered stare. The second response was for me to just look around because God was all about me. Finally, the believer might tell me that God moves in mysterious ways. I truly hated this final response.If I had been born two-thousand years ago, I would have persecuted and thrown stones at Christians. As suggested I would look around, and I could not have faith or believe in a God that allowed so much pain and suffering to exist in the world.I would hear people say after surviving some great tragedy, or natural disaster, or loss of life that God was watching after them. My question was, â€Å"where was God when the hurricane was blowing your house away? â⠂¬  It didn’t make sense that God would be with one person but not their neighbor who drowned in the storm.Epicuras’ question concerning God and evil seemed legitimate: â€Å"Is he willing to prevent evil, but not able? Then he is impotent. Is he able, but not willing? Then is he malevolent? He is both able and willing? Whence then is evil. † (163) Of course this delves into the freewill/theodicy argument. Within the Christian tradition people are free to make their own choices. And there are negative or positive consequences associated with freewill. Just as there are negative and positive consequences associated with rejecting or accepting Christ.During a particularly despondent time in my life, a friend offered me a Bible, some rather persuasive advice, and a pastor’s phone number. She said Christ would help me, but I needed to ask him into my life and for him to help me. So I began reading the Bible, and I called the pastor. If I asked a question, he answered it knowledgably.And I began praying. Gradually my mood and outlook on life did change. God is everywhere, but he first has to live in the heart. Works Cited Pojman, Louis. â€Å"THE PROBLEM OF EVIL. † Philosophy of Religion: An Anthology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1994. 163.

Ashford University Library: What does the library have to offer? Essay

Research is one of the most important parts of an individual’s academic life and proof that they have developed their academic skills and knowledge in their area of study. Ashford University Library is an amazing place where one is able to access all the materials that is needed in carrying out a research in any field of study. Conducting any kind of research requires full access to various sources that are considered to be scholarly sources that are reliable for information and data that will help in making the research credible. Using Ashford University Library for research and to access data and information from reliable sources offers an opportunity for s credible research since the library has scholarly sources as well as popular sources that can easily be accessed (Ashford University, 2013). Ashford University Library: What does the library have to offer?                The benefits of using Ashford University Library are that a researcher is able to access all data and information within the library without having to engage the services of outside sources (Gasparyan, Ayvazyan, Gorin, & Kitas, 2014). The materials and sources which are included in the portfolio of Ashford University Library are credible and reliable sources which are easy to access through the simplest search tools of the library (Ashford University, 2013). This helps in saving a lot of time when carrying out a research since all information and data is within research by simply using the search tools which include the university’s database and the Find@AU search tool that are simple and easy to use. Ashford University Library has sources which are considered scholarly and sources which are considered popular (Calkins, 2007). Scholarly sources within the library simply refers to sources which that have been published by recognized scholarly organizati ons or institutions such as universities and sources which have been sent out to other scholarly peers for an anonymous review. The sources always include journals and even books which have been published by scholarly groups, colleges or universities (Gasparyan, Ayvazyan, Gorin, & Kitas, 2014). Furthermore, in scholarly sources, the original research have been published in books and even journals, written by people who are experts in that field of study, has citations and are usually longer, having about 10 to 30 pages of research (Calkins, 2007). Popular sources on the other hand are considered to contain interesting stories, which may refer to research but do not necessarily contain the original research that was conducted. In addition, they are written by general public, they lack citations in most occasions, not peer-reviewed and they tend to be much shorter, having about 200 words to some few pages of writing (Gasparyan, Ayvazyan, Gorin, & Kitas, 2014). To make proper use of the library’s database and to know effectively and efficiently what you need for your research, it would be important to know what your research entails and what you hope to achieve with the final completed research (Ashford University, 2013). This means the thesis and the problem question to be answered by the research must be identified and clearly understood after which one will be able to know what materials to look for in the library (Calkins, 2007). The resources that fit the need for the research can be identified through the problem question and the thesis statement which will help in knowing whether the research will require use of scholarly sources or any other sources which can help in providing data for the research. Conclusion                Conducting a complete research that is satisfactory and one that can be relied on requires the use of data and information sources which are reliable. Ashford University Library provides great opportunity for conducting research since it offers a wide range of scholarly sources that can be relied on for research in any field of study. The benefits that one gets from using Ashford University Library are numerous since the sources available within the university are considered to be scholarly hence the reliability of the resources. References Ashford University, (2013), Library Services viewed from http://www.ashford.edu/student_services/library_resources.htm on 9th August 2014. Ashford University, (2013), Writing Services, viewed from https://awc.ashford.edu/research-papers-intro-to-the-online-library.html on 9th August 2014. Calkins, S. R. (2007). Evaluating Internet and Scholarly Sources Across the Disciplines: Two Case Studies. College Teaching, 55(4), 151-156. Gasparyan, A., Ayvazyan, L., Gorin, S. V., & Kitas, G. D. (2014). Upgrading instructions for authors of scholarly journals. Croatian Medical Journal, 55(3), 271-280. doi:10.3325/cmj.2014.55.271 Source document

The Catcher in the Rye Characters

'The Catcher in the Rye' Characters The Catcher in the Rye remains a singular creation, a novel that is wholly tied to the intelligent, immature, and tortured point-of-view of its main character, Holden Caulfield. In some ways Holden is the only character in The Catcher in the Rye, as everyone else in the story is filtered through Holden’s perception, which is unreliable and often self-indulgent. The end result of this technique is that every other character and their actions must be judged in terms of Holden’s evolution or lack thereof- are the people he meets really phonies or does he only see them that way? The fact that Holden’s Voice still rings true today, while his unreliable nature makes understanding the other characters a challenge, is a testament to Salinger’s skill. Holden Caulfield Holden Caulfield is the sixteen-year-old narrator of the novel. Intelligent and emotional, Holden feels lonely and alienated from the world around him. He considers most of the people and places he encounters phony- hypocritical, inauthentic, and pretentious. Holden strives to present himself as a cynical and worldly person who sees through everyone elses tricks, but at times his own youthful naà ¯vetà © shines through. Holdens cynicism can be viewed as a defense mechanism, employed to avoid facing the pain of adulthood and its accompanying loss of innocence. Indeed, Holden adores his younger sister Phoebe and cherishes her innocence, which he equates to inherent goodness. His fantasy of playing the role of catcher in the rye serves to highlight this point: since Holden cannot restore his own innocence, he yearns to protect the innocence of others. Holden is an unreliable first-person narrator. All of Holdens experiences and interactions are presented from his own perspective, so the reader never gets objective information about the novels events. However, there are hints Holden is describing something of a fantasy version of himself, as when the women at the Lavender Room laugh after Holden convinces their friend to dance with him. Holden is obsessed with death, particularly the death of his younger brother, Allie. Over the course of the novel, his health seems to disintegrate. He experiences headaches and nausea and at one point loses consciousness. These symptoms may be real, but they could also be psychosomatic, representing Holdens increasing inner turmoil as he repeatedly tries and fails to find human connection. Ackley Ackley is a classmate of Holdens at Pencey Prep. He has bad hygiene and isnt very popular. Holden claims to despise Ackley, but the two boys go to the movies together, and Holden seeks out Ackley after his altercation with Stradlater. There are hints that Holden views Ackley as a version of himself. Ackley brags about made-up sexual experiences in much the same way that Holden feigns worldliness and life experience. In fact, Holden treats Ackley rather similarly to how other people treat Holden at different points in the story. Stradlater Stradlater is Holden’s roommate at Pencey Prep. Confident, handsome, and popular, Stradlater is, in some ways, everything Holden wishes he could be. He describes Stradlater’s inappropriate seduction techniques with breathless admiration, while at the same time clearly understanding how terrible Stradlaters behavior is. Holden is too sensitive to be like Stradlater- notice how he describes the girl he likes in terms of her interests and feelings, not her physicality- but there is a part of him that wishes he was. Phoebe Caulfield Phoebe is Holden’s ten-year-old sister. She is one of the few people Holden does not consider phony. Smart and loving, Phoebe is one of Holdens only sources of happiness. She is also unusually perceptive for her age- she instantly perceives Holden’s pain and offers to run away with him in order to help him. For Holden, Phoebe embodies the lost childhood innocence that he is mourning. Allie Caulfield Allie is Holdens late brother, who died of leukemia prior to the start of the novels events. Holden views Allie as a perfect innocent who died before he could be corrupted by knowledge and maturity. In some ways, the memory of Allie is a stand-in for Holdens younger self, the boy he used to be before the loss of innocence. Sally Hayes Sally Hayes is a teenage girl who goes on dates with Holden. Holden thinks Sally is stupid and conventional, but her actions dont support this assessment. Sally is well-read and well-mannered, and her self-centeredness seems more like developmentally-appropriate teenage behavior than a lifetime personality flaw. When Holden invites Sally to run away with him, Sallys rejection of the fantasy is rooted in a clear-headed analysis of their prospects. In other words, Sally’s sole crime is not conforming to Holden’s fantasy about her. In turn, Holden covers his hurt at being rejected by deciding Sally is not worth his time (a very adolescent reaction). Carl Luce Carl Luce is Holdens former student advisor from the Whooton School. He is three years older than Holden. At Whooton, Carl was a source of information about sex for the younger boys. When Holden is in New York City, he meets up with Carl, who is now nineteen and a student at Columbia. Holden tries to get Carl to talk about sex, but Carl refuses and eventually becomes so frustrated with the incessant questioning that he leaves. Holden also asks about Carls sexual orientation, a moment that suggests Holden may be questioning his own sexuality. Mr. Antolini Mr. Antolini is Holdens former English teacher. Mr. Antolini is sincerely invested in helping Holden, offering him emotional support, advice, and even a place to stay. During their conversation, he treats Holden with respect and acknowledges Holdens struggles and sensitivity. Holden likes Mr. Antolini, but when he wakes up to find Mr. Antolinis hand on his forehead, he interprets the action as a sexual advance and leaves abruptly. It is unclear whether Holdens interpretation is accurate, however, as the gesture could simply signify care and concern. Sunny Sunny is a prostitute that Maurice, the elevator operator-sum-pimp at the hotel sends to Holden. She appears to Holden to be quite young and immature, and he loses interest in having sex with her after observing some of her nervous habits. Holden comes to see her as being worse off than he is- a lone moment of sympathy for the character. She becomes, in other words, a human being to him instead of a sex object, and he can’t bring himself to do anything. At the same time, his loss of sexual desire could be seen as a lack of interest in the female gender.

Integrated Marketing Communication The WritePass Journal

Integrated Marketing Communication Abstract Integrated Marketing Communication : 123). There is a distinct drift in the evolution of the IMC and the marketing theory practice. For instance, Luck and Moffat (2009: 318) outlines that there is turf war and tension between control of â€Å"communication† development and strategy and coordination of marketing communication. Ewing (2009: 109) acknowledges that the most valuable customer should be considered first. This state differs from the reality where there is little evidence of differential customer value. It is also clear that there exists an undefined relationship between different marketing communications and consumers. However, there is an emerging synergistic effect on the combination of print and television advertisements. 1.4 Empirical study on IMC Duncan and Everett (1993: 35) state that it is quite difficult to take a perfect research on IMC as it comprises both the processes and the concepts. The concepts also differ based on the type of the organization and the researcher. Research on IMC focused on several aspects such as cooperation within an organization, compensation systems employed, and an organizational strategic development.   This therefore posed a huge hindrance on the implementation of the IMC in UK. In UK and USA, there is minimal evidence on the IMC prescription in various corporate and marketing communications. Cornelissen and Lock (2000: 12) asserts that 81% of the largest corporate in US have arranged their external communication into separate marketing departments and public relations. On the other hand, Eagle, Kitchen and Bulmer (2007: 968) reported that out of 323 organizations in the UK, Canada and the USA, public relations was more effective when communication function is equal to marketing communication. In addition, Eagle, Kitchen and Bulmer (2007: 966) study also looked at the effectiveness of an organisation of central public relations against the various independent units of communication programmes like marketing communication. This study stressed that there is little evidence about delegation of communication â€Å"responsibilities† and there are no negative consequences on the structural dispersion of communication disciplines to form separate units. Kitchen, Kim and Schultz (2008:540) acknowledges that IMC is quite prevalent in USA and UK as compared to other countries. It is predetermined in the global communication â€Å"techniques† despite suggestions by Luck and Moffat (2009: 315) that media integration and advertisement are the major instruments in global promotional and marketing campaigns. In addition, Yeshin (2006: 89) opines that IMC is contingent on an individualised behavioural database which hinders an active organizational process in developing a sophisticated marketing communication network. 1.5 IMC and Contemporary Marketing Communication Percy and Elliot (2012: 190) confirms that there is little empirical proof about marketing communication and IMC shift from mass marketing communication to the impending IMC practices. The IMC concept has been proven to be ambiguous as it is still underdeveloped. The marketing communication organization has however set up a clear description of change as integrated configurations have now replaced the functional structures in an advertising agencies and companies. Traditionally, IMC has a holistic system which fosters zero based thinking; this is a state where most cost effective solutions to communication are critically chosen.   Hartley and Pickton (1999: 99) argue that integration is the sole solution to foster cross-functional cooperation in varied disciplines. In addition, Ewing (2009: 113) posits that integration is considered as the merger of barely all the marketing communication. 1.6 Conclusion Validity is one of the descriptive theories that marketing communication management has established. Recent reviews on IMC research in UK and US have suggested that IMC has been periodical and as such; little evidence has been posed to validate contemporary marketing communication processes. I have therefore argued for IMC concept to be considered rhetorical. IMC is also less practical in UK and US as IMC concepts is considered ambiguous. Changes in market trends have also hindered the incorporation of IMC in today’s advertising. The paper has also critically analysed the rhetorical reasoning. In addition, past and contemporary marketing communication researches have been clarified. Bibliography Cornelissen, J. (2001). Integrated Marketing Communications and the Language of Marketing Development. International Journal of Advertising, 20(4) pp. 483-498 Cornelissen, J. P. and Lock, A.R. (2000) ‘Theoretical Concept or Management Fashion? Examining the significance of IMC’, Journal of Advertising Research, 40 (5), pp.7-15. Duncan, T. and Everett, S. (1993) ‘Client Perceptions of Integrated Marketing Communications.’ Journal of Advertising Research, 33 (3), pp.30-39. Eagle, L. , Kitchen, P. , and Bulmer, S.(2007). Insights into Interpreting Integrated Marketing Communications. European Journal of Marketing, 41(7/8) pp. 956-970. Eagle, L., Kitchen, P.J. and Bulmer, S. (2007) ‘Insights into interpreting Integrated Marketing Communications: A Two-Nation Qualitative Comparison’ European Journal of Marketing, 41 (7/8), pp.956-970. Ewing, M. (2009). Integrated Marketing Communications Measurement and Evaluation. Journal of Marketing and Communications, 15(2-3), pp. 103-117 Hartley, B. and Pickton, D. (1999). Integrated Marketing Communications Requires a New Way of Thinking. Journal of Marketing Communications, 5. Pp 97-106 Kitchen, P. and Schultz, D. (1998). IMC-A UK ad’ Agency Perspective. Journal of Marketing Management. 14, pp. 465-485. Kitchen, P., Kim, I. and Shultz, D.E. (2008) ‘Integrated Marketing Communications: Practice Leads Theory’, Journal of Advertising Research, 48 (4) pp.531-546. Luck, E. and Moffat, J. (2009). ‘IMC: Has Anything Really Changed? A New Perspective on an Old Definition’, Journal of Marketing Communications, 15 (5), pp.311-325. Percy, L. and Elliot, R. (2012). Strategic Advertising Management. Fourth edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Yeshin, T. (2006). ‘Advertising’. London: Thomson learning.

Targeted Work Class Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Targeted Work Class - Research Paper Example Human resource planning should serve as a link between human resources management and the overall strategic plan of the organization. Workforce planning is defined as: A process in which an organization attempts to estimate the demand for labor and evaluate the size, nature and sources of supply which will be required to meet the demand. For example, aging populations in most western countries and growing demands for qualified workers in developing economies have underscored the importance of effective Human Resource Planning. The circumstance that the world is changing daily as we move forward in the future demands that the process be an iterative one. Organizations are also changing to fit into the future. A planning model is therefore needed that allows us to anticipate the future and to use this anticipation with the analysis of our organization-its culture, mission, strengths and weaknesses-to define strategic issues, to chart our direction by developing strategic vision and pla ns, to define how an organization will implement these plans and to specify how an organization will evaluate how it is planning to implement these plans. Every organizations wish is its continuity to succeed. In order to prosper, an organization acquires the support and resources it needs to fulfill its mission. In the end success is measured by how well and the organization accomplishes its missions and vision. In his book, he suggests that to achieve a favorable future, an organization should involve all the resources, the interested parties, that is, anyone interested in achieving the organizations goals in envisioning the most desirable future and to work together to make that vision a reality, together as an organization. Committees are created to oversee the process of planning. Planners are then guide by the organizations mission, vision or values to carry out the process. In some cases, the planners identify the external environment and determine the planning structure on t he basis of these. Indeed, with the use of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis is crucial in addressing the methods to be used. This helps to set up priorities which will be used to analyze the results of the plans. It is important that the organizations involved ensure that the plans are sustainable. Sustainability of the organization is important because the strategic planning initializes a process that focusses on the future of the organization. The communication between the stakeholders is very important in sustaining a suitable working environment. Therefore, the key to strategic management in the organizational change is to understand that people communicate and actually work together to create that future. However, this does not mean that strategic mean that strategic management replaces traditional management activities such as budgeting, controlling and monitoring. The change that takes shape is rather the integration of these activities into br oader context, taking into account the external environment, internal organizational capabilities, and the organizations overall purpose and direction. For example, budgeting is done to not only oversee the operations of the organization at certain period of time, but, it is constructed to lift the organization to its missions and objectives, which is long term objective. This is also carried out in all the other

Walmart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Walmart - Essay Example The tool of success touched the door steps of Walmart early in the century when it overcame the existing Exxon Mobile and other notable players of the market namely General motors and Ford. The core policy adopted across the United States was based on the principle of discounted sales across its large number of super stores. The success can be measured and evaluated by the figures, since figures speak no exaggeration, and tell the real story. While in 1993 the net sales stood at thirty three thousand dollars, by 2002 the entire sales had popped up to over 2 hundred thousand dollars. Similarly the number of associates, and the units also increased, speaking for its ever successful working and expansion. The number of super stores were also increased in the mentioned period of time which is another sign of the demand of customers and living up to it. Grocery retail is another area it has barged into and has found success. The endeavor was not limited to the local shores; instead the entire project was expanded beyond the borders and continents. In such pursuit, the company extended its services across Europe. The ever constant principle of Customer friendly services and reduces prices made its service and products sell like hot cakes anywhere it went. It was faced with number of obstacles in foreign lands, much in case of Germany, where profits were not as visible as in the rest of off shore markets. In bid to overcome this obstacle, it came up with the proposition of constant pricing across the local and international market in all the chains of Walmart. Germany hasn’t been the best of spots for hunting in terms of Walmart expansion. However it has received good response in countries like China, Canada and Mexico. Success does not come without a pre defined policy and procedure. Properly worked out mechanism needs to be in place which requires

Urban services (waste collection and cleaning) and waste treatment Thesis

Urban services (waste collection and cleaning) and waste treatment activities Globally (focus in Europe) - Thesis Example ries do not differ much as to their wastes disposal priorities, but Europe is more advanced in treatment because of experimentation and implementation of technologies. Landfills would remain a problem because of scarce resources and need for area developments. Outlook and trends of the waste industry is good as revenues of the players in the industry are encouraging. Waste disposal is one of the urgent environmental problems facing regions all over the world. The over consumption of resources and creation of non-biodegradable materials such as plastics, Styrofoam and chemicals are creating a mounting problem of waste disposal. People are gaining the notoriety of producing excessive wastes and dumping them as garbage on landfills and oceans. Garbage such as nuclear wastes, plastics, fast food wastes and electronic products are samples of harmful materials that can affect the health of man in particular and of the environment in general. However these wastes became a business opportunity and opened up avenues for new industries, i.e. the urban services and waste treatment, an interesting topic for discussion. This study intends to investigate the urban services and waste management activities in Europe., and in U.S. Specifically, study seeks to describe the practices done within the industry and identify the challenges and opportunities the industry face. This work would be of special concern to those who wanted to gain information on the economic opportunities of the waste disposal. This research will use observational research method wherein the researcher will study a phenomenon without interfering. Observation method is used in behavioral studies, social sciences and anthropology, and is useful when ethics is a problem. Existing literatures and researches on the subject will be used as secondary source since access to primary source is not possible. Web definition of waste management is â€Å"The  collection,  transportation, and  

The National School Lunch Program Essay Example for Free

The National School Lunch Program Essay The provision of school meals in America began, as it did in many other lands in a rather sporadic way. According to the web site about the history of the School Lunch Program, in New York The Children’s Aid Society started a program in 1853, but it wasn’t until Robert Hunter’s book ‘Poverty’ was published in 1904 that other areas really took up the challenge. Hunter felt that it was no good having a law that compelled children to go to school if they were so hungry that they couldn’t concentrate or gain much benefit. In Philadelphia the Starr Association had begun serving penny dinners in 1894 and in 1908 programs were begun in Boston by the Women’s Educational and Industrial Union. The children ate their dinners at their desks, there being at that time no school food halls. By the end of the 1910 school year 2,000 pupils were being served. Ellen H. Richards wrote in the Journal of Home Economics for December 1910, The teachers are unanimous in the belief that the luncheons are   helping the children both physically and mentally. They are more   attentive and interested in the lessons during the last hour of the morning and the result in their recitations gives the proof. The National School Lunch Program started in 1946 under the National School Lunch Act signed by the then president Harry S. Truman, though school meals had been provided for many years before that through foods and subsidies from the United States Department of Agriculture. The reasoning behind the act was not just nutrition, but national security. This was because when America entered World War II it found that many recruits were of poor physical condition, especially those who had grown up in poor families during the depression years of the 30’s. As soon as that war finished America began to think about the next wave of conscription as it expected to have to fight communism in the near future. It was mainly under the auspices of General George C. Marshall, a member of the cabinet. According to the statute book its aims were as follows:- It is hereby declared to Congress, as a measure of national security, to safeguard the health and well-being of the Nation’s children and to encourage domestic consumption of nutritious agricultural commodities and other food, by assisting the States, through grants-in-aid and other means, in providing an adequate supply of foods and other facilities for the establishment, maintenance, operation, and expansion of nonprofit school lunch programs. The federally assisted program now operates in 100,000 both public and private schools. 7.1 million children benefited in the first year and the program now provides lunches to 29 million school children each day. The cost in 1947 was $70 million, but by 2005 it was $7.9 billion – a huge investment in the future health of the nation. The aim is that meals are free or at a low cost and that they are nutritionally balanced. In 1998 the program was expanded to include young people up to the age of 18 and also to include snacks served to children at after school educational and enrichment programs. At state level it is usually under the state education authorities who operate through agreements with the school food authorities. Usually it is high schools, both public and non-profit making private ones, who participate as well as private residential child care facilities who take part in the program. I t works by giving both cash and commodities to the institutions involved, the latter, known as ‘entitlement foods’ coming from the U.S. Department of Agriculture at a value of 16.75 cents for each meal served. They may also be given extra food from surplus stocks. In return the schools must meet federal standards in the food that they serve and offer these freely or at a reduced price to eligible children. Other support is available through the USDA’s Team Nutrition who provide nutritional and technical help and also provide nutritional education for pupils. The schools may decide for themselves which foods are served, but must comply with Federal nutritional guidelines which state that no more than 30% of calories should come from fat and less than 10% from saturated fat. They should also provide at least one third of the recommended needs for protein, vitamins, iron, calcium and calories. The meals are available to all children at schools which take part in the program. Those with incomes of less than $26,000 for a family of 4 i.e.130% of the poverty level get their meals free. Those with incomes between this and $37,000 i.e.185 % of the poverty level, get their meals at the subsidised price of no more than 40 cents. These figures are valid until June 30th, 2007. Other children pay more, but the school meal services must be run on a non-profit basis. When it comes to after school snacks if more than half the children in an area are eligible for free or reduced price school meals, then snacks may be free too. Reimbursements to the schools vary a little. Those in Alaska and Hawaii receive more, as do schools with a very high percentage of poorer pupils. There are links with local producers who can provide fresh food such as salad vegetables and fruit. The USDA works with the Department of Defence to provide food purchased through the Department of Defence. The supplies are monitored for fat content and their safety. Programs such as this provide children with the possibility of at least one nutritionally balanced meal a day. This may be prepared in a central kitchen, either r private or belonging to the educational authorities and distributed to schools. Other schools have their own kitchens. What the program can’t do is ensure that the meals are eaten rather than some fast food bought in or bough tin school from vending machines.. they also cannot ensure that the rest of a child’s nutrition is balanced or indeed that he gets enough other food. They educate children about nutrition, but children are not usually the food buyers or cooks at home. It may be, especially in the case of minorities and new arrivals, that the children find school meals unpalatable simply because they are different to what they get at home. Vending machines are in schools which provide other foods at extra cost which are not necessarily nutritionally so good such as chips and soda. There will always be children who prefer these. It would be a dictator who insisted that every one ate the same food, but do these poorer foods have to be so freely available? However many schools raise much needed funds in this way, though child obesity it must be said is a growing concern. For many children their school lunch is the main meal of the day. It is easy to give in to the demands for fast foods, even when those doing so know that they are ultimately harmful. Schools can either use a Nutrient Standard or the older food Group system when choosing the foods they provide. The Nutrient Standard is more accurate in providing a balanced diet, but most schools still prefer the older system. Choice USA recommends that parents regularly review the food that their children are receiving and discuss their choices with them. The child Nutrition Act of 1966 followed on from the National School Lunch Act. Under this act free or low breakfasts could also be provided. This had been initiated by the Black Panther Party earlier. President Johnson said when he gave his signature to the act ‘Good nutrition is essential to good learning.’ There had also been a Special Milk Program which began in 1954. The United States tries to care for all its citizens and so there is also a Child and Adult Care Food Program for both children and elderly and mentally or physically impaired adults in non-residential centers, and the Food Stamp program which began in 1953, so there has been a move away from just ensuring that those called to military service are fit to serve. All this from such small beginnings in one New York school. Electronic Sources Child Nutrition Act found 30th May 2007 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_Nutrition_Act Choice USA found 30th May 2007 at http://www.choiceusa.net/Parents_NSLP.html The history of school meal programs found 30th May 2007 at http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch/AboutLunch/ProgramHistory_2.htm National School Lunch Program found 30th May 2007 at http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/Lunch/AboutLunch/NSLPFactSheet.pdf School Nutrition found 30th May 2007 at http://www.schoolnutrition.org/uploadedFiles/ASFSA/childnutrition/govtaffairs/nsla.pdf